課題番号 ：S-18-NI-0035
利用形態 ：共同研究
利用課題名（日本語） ：カーボンナノチューブの合成と評価
Program Title (English) ：Synthesis and characterization of carbon nanostructures(CNSs) from waste latex
利用者名（日本語） ：ヤジド　ヤコブ 1),
Username (English) ：Yazid Yaakob 1),
所属名（日本語） ：1) マレーシアプトラ大学
Affiliation (English) ：1) Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM),

１．概要（Summary ）
Carbon nanostructures (CNS) such as nanotubes, nanoshells and graphene layers are promising candidate for numerous applications due to their unique properties. Utilizing waste product as precursor has been concern as it can reduce the CNS production cost and promote green technology. In this work, CNS were synthesized using waste latex from natural rubber gloves as carbon source via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The synthesized process has been done at reaction temperature of 700˚C using iron oxide as catalyst. The CNS characterization were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). It was found that the obtained carbon material existed in the form of nanoshell and nanotubes with diameter of ~50 nm. This study demonstrates that waste latex can be an alternative and inexpensive carbon source for CNS production.

２．実験（Experimental）
CNS fabrication were conducted by CVD. Iron oxide powder was dispersed in the center of ceramic boat in which placed at the center of horizontal quartz tube in the furnace as catalyst. 10 g of waste NR gloves was loaded into twin neck round bottom flask and connected to the pipe tubing gas with argon flow with heating mantle temperature at 380 °C. The deposition furnace was heated to 700°C with argon gas supplied at 150 cc/min, and carried out for 30 min. For characterization, the sample were dispersed on the Cu mesh before mount on the TEM holder. All sample were analyzed using high resolution TEM (JEOL JEM-ARM300F) images and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) at 200 kV.

３．結果と考察（Results and Discussion）
Figure 1 shows HRTEM images of CNSs grown via CVD. It shows that CNSs encapsulated iron oxide nanoparticle growth in form on (a) nanoshell and (b) nanotubes with diameter around 50 nm. The result indicates that utilizing waste latex as carbon precursor is possible, but further investigation need to be done to control the CNS morphology into desire forms. The inconsistence in particle size of the used catalyst also affect the shape and yield percentage of CNSs. Figure1(c) shows EDX results, which show the existance of C, Fe and O in the sample. EDS results also reveal some impurities of S peaks, which is common for NR gloves production.

Figure 1: Carbon (a) nanoshells [scale:50 nm] and (b) nanotubes [scale:20 nm] growth from waste latex precursor. (c) Corresponding EDX results

４．その他・特記事項（Others）
This project also has received funding from Universiti Putra Malaysia through the Geran Putra -Inisiatif Putra Muda (GP-IPM/2017/9543800).

５．論文・学会発表（Publication/Presentation）
(1) M. A. Hazan, M. S. Mamat, R. Z. Haroun, S. Liza, I. Ismail, M. Z. Hussein, S. Sharma, M. Tanemura and Y. Yaakob; Study of carbon nanostructures grown from waste latex via chemical vapor deposition; 27th Scientific Conference of the Microscopy Society Malaysia (27th SCMSM 2018), 3-4 December 2018, The Mudzaffar Hotel, Melaka, Malaysia.
(2) S. Sharma, M. S. Rosmi, M. I. Araby, Y. Yaakob, M. Z. M. Yusop, G. Kalita, M. Tanemura; Towards Interconection and Nanosoldering Using Graphene Nanowires and Carbon Nanotubes for Future Nanodevices; International Conference on Ceramic Materials and Components for Energy and Environmental Applications (CMCEE 2018), Jul. 22-27 (2018), Singapore.
(3) M. Tanemura, M. I. Araby, R. Vishwakarma, S. Sharma, Y. Wakamatsu, K. Takahashi, G. Kalita, M. S. Rosmi, Y. Yaakob, M. Z. M. Yusop, M. Kitazawa; Graphene growth at 150oC using novel catalysts: Why do catalysts act as catalysts?; 34th European Conference of Surface Science (ECOSS 34), Aug. 26-31 (2018), Aarhus, Denmark.
(4) M. I. Araby, S. Sharma, R. Vishwakarma, M. S. Rosmi, Y. Yaakob, M. Z. M. Yusop, G. Kalita, M. Tanemura; In-situ visualization of graphitization process: Towards low-temperature graphene growth and nano-soldering for interconnection application; 2018 Annual Nanotechnology Conference – INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUNCTIONAL NANOMATERIALS AND NANODEVICES, Sep. 3-5 (2018), Vienna, Austria.
(5) M. Tanemura, M. I. Araby, R. Vishwakarma, S. Sharma, K. Takahashi, T. Ohsugi, G. Kalita, M. S. Rosmi, Y. Yaakob, and M. Z. M. Yusop; Exploration of novel catalysts for the low temperature growth of graphene based on in-situ TEM; Graphene Week 2018, Sep. 10-14 (2018), San Sebastian, Spain.
(6) M. I. Araby, S. Sharma, R. Vishwakarma, M. S. Rosmi, Y. Yaakob, M. Z. M. Yusop, G. Kalita, and M. Tanemura; Play with Nanocarbon Using In-Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy ～From Nanosoldering of Carbon Nanotubes to the Low-Temperature Graphene Growth～; 8th ANNUAL WORLD CONGRESS OF NANO SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018 (NanoS&T-2018), Oct. 24-26 (2018), Potsdam, Germany.
(7) M. I. Araby, S. Sharma, R. Vishwakarma, M. S. Rosmi, Y. Yaakob, M. Z. M. Yusop, G. Kalita, M. Tanemura; Challenge to the lower temperature growth of graphene based on in-situ TEM observation; 5th Global Nanotechnology Congress and Expo (Nanotechnology-2018), Dec. 3-5 (2018), Valencia, Spain

６．関連特許（Patent）
None